Entry 1 sense Webster, 1913 Ophthalmology /äpˌ-thəm-äl'-əj-ē/ · Oph·thal·mol·o·gy · IPA /ˌɑpθə(l)ˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ 01 n. The science which treats of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye. 1. The science which treats of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye.